Java Virtual Machine: Comprehensive Guide

The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) is a cornerstone of the Java programming language, pivotal in enabling its platform-independent capabilities. This comprehensive guide delves into the intricacies of the JVM, shedding light on its architecture, functionalities, and its role in modern software development.

Understanding the Java Virtual Machine

The Java Virtual Machine, or JVM, is a crucial component of the Java Runtime Environment (JRE). It abstracts the underlying hardware and operating system, allowing Java applications to run on any device equipped with the JRE. The JVM achieves this by converting Java bytecode into machine-specific instructions.

Architecture of the Java Virtual Machine

Class Loader Subsystem

The Class Loader Subsystem is responsible for loading class files into the JVM. It operates in three main phases:

• Loading: The JVM loads class files from the file system, network, or other sources.
• Linking: This phase involves verifying, preparing, and resolving classes.
• Verification: Ensures the bytecode adheres to the JVM's specifications.
• Preparation: Allocates memory for class variables and initializes them to default values.
• Resolution: Converts symbolic references into direct references.
• Initialization: Executes static initializers and the class's static blocks.

Runtime Data Areas

The JVM's runtime data areas are pivotal for executing Java applications. These include:

• Method Area: Stores class structures, including runtime constant pool, field and method data, and code for methods.
• Heap: The runtime data area from which memory for all class instances and arrays is allocated.
• Java Stacks: Each thread has a private JVM stack, created at the same time as the thread. A stack stores frames, holds local variables, and partial results.
• PC Register: Each JVM thread has its own Program Counter (PC) register. It holds the address of the currently executing JVM instruction.
• Native Method Stack: Contains all native methods used in the application.

Execution Engine

The execution engine interprets the bytecode. It consists of:

• Interpreter: Reads and executes bytecode instructions one by one.
• Just-In-Time (JIT) Compiler: Improves performance by compiling bytecode into native machine code at runtime.
• Garbage Collector (GC): Automates memory management by reclaiming memory used by objects no longer in use.

Java Native Interface (JNI)

JNI allows Java code running in the JVM to call and be called by native applications and libraries written in other languages like C or C++. This interface ensures that Java applications can leverage platform-specific capabilities and optimize performance-critical sections.

Key Features of the Java Virtual Machine

Platform Independence

The JVM allows Java to be a "write once, run anywhere" language. Java programs, compiled into bytecode, can run on any system with a compatible JVM, ensuring broad compatibility and flexibility.

Automatic Memory Management

The JVM includes an automatic garbage collector that manages memory allocation and deallocation, reducing memory leaks and programmer overhead associated with manual memory management.

Robust and Secure Execution

The JVM performs various runtime checks, which enhances the robustness and security of Java applications. Bytecode verification ensures that the code adheres to JVM specifications, preventing malicious code execution.

Thread Management

The JVM provides built-in support for multithreading at the language level. Java threads are managed by the JVM, which provides an efficient, scalable platform for concurrent applications.

Garbage Collection in the JVM

Garbage collection is a form of automatic memory management. The JVM’s garbage collector is responsible for identifying and disposing of objects that are no longer needed by the application. The JVM uses several algorithms for garbage collection, including:

• Serial Garbage Collector: Suitable for single-threaded environments.
• Parallel Garbage Collector: Uses multiple threads to manage heap space, ideal for applications running on multi-core processors.
• CMS (Concurrent Mark-Sweep) Garbage Collector: Designed for applications that require shorter garbage collection pauses.
• G1 (Garbage-First) Garbage Collector: Balances high throughput with low pause times, suitable for large applications.

Performance Optimization Techniques

Just-In-Time Compilation

The JIT compiler plays a vital role in optimizing performance. By compiling bytecode into native machine code at runtime, the JIT compiler reduces the execution time significantly.

Escape Analysis

Escape analysis determines the scope of object usage. If an object does not escape a method or thread, the JVM can allocate it on the stack instead of the heap, reducing garbage collection overhead.

Inline Expansion

This optimization technique involves replacing a method call with the method body itself. Inline expansion reduces the overhead associated with method invocation and can significantly improve execution speed.

Adaptive Optimization

The JVM monitors application performance and adapts its optimization strategies dynamically. This involves collecting runtime statistics and using them to make informed decisions about when and how to optimize code.

The Future of the Java Virtual Machine

The JVM continues to evolve, integrating new features and optimizations to meet the demands of modern software development. Upcoming enhancements include:

• Project Loom: Aiming to simplify concurrent programming with lightweight, user-mode threads (fibers).
• Project Valhalla: Introducing value types to improve memory layout and reduce heap fragmentation.
• Project Panama: Enhancing the connection between Java and native code to improve performance and flexibility.

Conclusion

The Java Virtual Machine is a critical component of the Java ecosystem, providing a platform-independent execution environment with robust security, automatic memory management, and high performance. As it evolves, the JVM will continue to support the development of scalable, efficient, and secure applications.

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Beyond SAX and DOM: Modern XML Querying in Java

Java applications rely heavily on XML for structured data exchange. But traditional methods like SAX and DOM can make XML querying feel cumbersome

This guide delves into the world of modern XML querying APIs in Java, offering a more streamlined and efficient approach for interacting with your XML data. We’ll explore powerful alternatives that can make your life as a developer much easier:

• XPath (XML Path Language): A concise syntax for navigating and extracting specific elements from XML documents. Imagine it like a map for locating treasures within your XML files.
• XQuery (XML Query Language): A full-fledged query language based on XPath, allowing you to filter, combine, and transform XML data efficiently. Think of it like a powerful search engine specifically designed for XML.
• JAXB (Java Architecture for XML Binding): An elegant approach that automatically maps XML structures to Java classes, simplifying data binding and querying through object-oriented manipulation.

By venturing beyond SAX and DOM, you’ll unlock a world of benefits:

• Improved Readability: Write cleaner and more concise code for XML querying.
• Enhanced Maintainability: Maintain your codebase more easily with a focus on logic rather than low-level parsing details.
• Powerful Functionality: Perform complex data extraction and manipulation tasks with ease.

So, buckle up and get ready to explore the exciting world of modern XML querying APIs in Java! Let’s ditch the complexity and embrace a more efficient way to interact with your XML data.

1. Unveiling the Powerhouse Trio

We’ve established that SAX and DOM, while foundational, can be cumbersome for XML querying in Java. Now, let’s delve into the world of modern APIs that offer a more streamlined approach:

1. XPath (XML Path Language): A Concise Navigation System

Imagine XPath as a treasure map for your XML documents. It provides a simple syntax for navigating the structure and extracting specific elements. Here’s what you can do with XPath:

• Pinpointing Elements: Use XPath expressions to locate specific elements within the XML hierarchy. Think of them as directions leading you to the exact data you need.
• Extracting Values: Once you’ve identified the element, XPath allows you to extract its text content or attribute values. It’s like grabbing the treasure chest and unlocking its contents.

Example:

<bookstore>

  <book category="fantasy">

    <title>The Lord of the Rings</title>

  </book>

</bookstore>

An XPath expression like //book/title would locate the <title> element within any <book> element and return its text content, which is “The Lord of the Rings” in this case.

2. XQuery (XML Query Language): A Powerful Search Engine for XML

XQuery builds upon XPath, offering a full-fledged query language specifically designed for XML data. Think of it as a powerful search engine that lets you not only find elements but also filter, combine, and transform your XML data:

• Filtering Data: XQuery allows you to filter elements based on specific criteria. Imagine searching for books with a certain category or price range.
• Combining Data: You can combine data from different parts of your XML document. It’s like merging information from various sections to create a new report.
• Transforming Data: XQuery empowers you to transform XML data into different formats (e.g., HTML, JSON). This flexibility allows you to easily present your data in different ways.

Example:

<bookstore>

  <book category="fantasy">

    <title>The Lord of the Rings</title>

    <price>29.99</price>

  </book>

  <book category="sci-fi">

    <title>Dune</title>

    <price>24.50</price>

  </book>

</bookstore>

An XQuery expression like //book[price > 25] would find all <book> elements where the <price> is greater than 25, effectively filtering the results based on price.

3. JAXB (Java Architecture for XML Binding): Automatic Mapping for Simplified Querying

JAXB takes a whole new approach: data binding. It automatically maps the structure of your XML document to Java classes. Imagine your XML data magically transforming into Java objects, making it easy to access and manipulate using familiar object-oriented programming techniques.

• Effortless Data Binding: JAXB eliminates the need for manual parsing. It creates Java classes that mirror the structure of your XML elements and attributes.
• Simplified Querying: Once you have Java classes for your XML data, you can use object-oriented methods to access and manipulate the data. Think of using getter and setter methods on your Java objects to interact with the data.

Example:

Consider an XML document with a <book> element containing <title> and <price> elements. JAXB would generate Java classes like Book, Title, and Price. You could then create a Book object and access its getTitle() and getPrice() methods to retrieve the corresponding data.

2. Putting it into Practice: Code Examples

Now that we’ve explored the capabilities of XPath, XQuery, and JAXB, let’s see them in action with some code snippets and a sample XML file:

Sample XML File (books.xml):

<bookstore>

  <book category="fantasy">

    <title>The Lord of the Rings</title>

    <price>29.99</price>

  </book>

  <book category="sci-fi">

    <title>Dune</title>

    <price>24.50</price>

  </book>

</bookstore>

1.XPath in Action:

import javax.xml.xpath.XPath;

import javax.xml.xpath.XPathConstants;

import javax.xml.xpath.XPathFactory;

import org.w3c.dom.Document;

import org.w3c.dom.NodeList;

 

public class XPathExample {

 

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

    // Parse the XML document

    Document document = ... (your code to parse the XML file)

 

    // Create an XPath object

    XPath xpath = XPathFactory.newInstance().newXPath();

 

    // Find all book titles

    String expression = "//book/title/text()";

    NodeList titles = (NodeList) xpath.evaluate(expression, document, XPathConstants.NODESET);

 

    for (int i = 0; i < titles.getLength(); i++) {

      System.out.println(titles.item(i).getNodeValue());

    }

  }

Explanation:

• This code snippet first parses the books.xml file (replace the “…” with your parsing logic).
• It then creates an XPath object for querying the document.
• The expression variable defines the XPath expression to find all <title> elements within any <book> element and retrieve their text content using text().
• Finally, the code iterates through the retrieved NodeList of titles and prints them.

2. XQuery Power

import javax.xml.xquery.XQConnection;

import javax.xml.xquery.XQDataSource;

import javax.xml.xquery.XQPreparedExpression;

import javax.xml.xquery.XQResultSequence;

 

public class XQueryExample {

 

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

    // Setup XQuery connection (refer to XQuery provider documentation)

    XQDataSource dataSource = ...;

    XQConnection connection = dataSource.getConnection();

 

    // Prepare the XQuery expression

    String expression = "for $book in /bookstore/book where $book/@category = 'fantasy' return $book/title/text()";

    XQPreparedExpression xq = connection.prepareExpression(expression);

 

    // Execute the query and get results

    XQResultSequence result = xq.executeQuery();

 

    while (result.hasNext()) {

      System.out.println(result.getItemAsString(null));

    }

 

    connection.close();

  }

}

Explanation:

• This example requires setting up an XQuery connection specific to your XQuery provider (check their documentation).
• The expression variable defines an XQuery that finds all <title> elements within <book> elements where the @category attribute is “fantasy”.
• The code retrieves the results as an XQResultSequence and iterates through it, printing each title element’s text content.

3. JAXB Magic:

1. Generate JAXB classes (one-time setup):

Use a JAXB schema binding tool (like xjc) to generate Java classes based on your books.xml schema. This will create classes like Bookstore, Book, Title, and Price.

2. Code for querying data:

import javax.xml.bind.JAXBContext;

import javax.xml.bind.Unmarshaller;

 

public class JAXBE example {

 

  public static void main(String[] args) throws Exception {

    // Parse the XML document

    JAXBContext context = JAXBContext.newInstance(Bookstore.class);

    Unmarshaller unmarshaller = context.createUnmarshaller();

    Bookstore bookstore = (Bookstore) unmarshaller.unmarshal(new File("books.xml"));

 

    // Access data using Java objects

    for (Book book : bookstore.getBooks()) {

      System.out.println("Title: " + book.getTitle().getValue());

      System.out.println("Price: " + book.getPrice().getValue());

    }

3. Choosing the Right Tool for the Job

We’ve explored the functionalities of XPath, XQuery, and JAXB for querying XML data in Java. Now, let’s delve into when to use each API based on the complexity of your needs:

1. XPath (XML Path Language):

• Best for: Simple navigation and extraction of specific elements or attributes.
• Use cases:
• Extracting specific data points like titles, prices, or IDs.
• Filtering elements based on basic criteria (e.g., finding all books with a certain category).
• Pros: Simple syntax, lightweight, efficient for basic tasks.
• Cons: Limited for complex queries, doesn’t support transformations.

2. XQuery (XML Query Language):

• Best for: Complex data manipulation and transformations.
• Use cases:
• Filtering and combining data from different parts of the XML document.
• Performing calculations or aggregations on XML data.
• Transforming XML data into other formats (e.g., HTML, JSON).
• Pros: Powerful and expressive language, supports complex queries and transformations.
• Cons: Steeper learning curve compared to XPath, can be less performant for simple tasks.

3. JAXB (Java Architecture for XML Binding):

• Best for: Working with well-defined XML structures where data binding simplifies access and manipulation.
• Use cases:
• Mapping complex XML structures to Java objects for easy manipulation.
• Automatically generating Java classes from XML schemas for data binding.
• Leveraging object-oriented programming techniques for working with XML data.
• Pros: Improves code readability and maintainability, simplifies data access and manipulation.
• Cons: Requires upfront effort for generating JAXB classes, may not be ideal for unstructured or frequently changing XML.

Comparison Table:

Feature	XPath	XQuery	JAXB
Complexity	Simple	Complex	Medium
Use Cases	Basic navigation, extraction	Filtering, combining, transformations	Data binding, object-oriented access
Pros	Lightweight, efficient	Powerful, expressive	Readable, maintainable code
Cons	Limited for complex queries	Steeper learning curve, less performant for simple tasks	Requires upfront setup, may not be ideal for all XML structures

Additional Option: StAX (Streaming API for XML):

While not covered in detail, StAX (Streaming API for XML) is another option for parsing large XML files efficiently. It processes XML data in a streamed manner, reducing memory usage compared to DOM-based parsing. However, it requires more code than XPath or JAXB for data manipulation.

4. Wrapping Up

This exploration serves as a springboard for further exploration. Delve deeper into the official documentation and tutorials for each API to unlock their full potential. Explore advanced features like XQuery functions and JAXB customizations.

Source: javacodegeeks.com

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Graal Cloud Native Tools Release - 4.2.1

With the latest release of the Graal Cloud Native Extension Pack for VS Code, we have added some great new features that will make working with Graal Cloud Native even better.

This release brings:

• Support for the Micronaut® Framework Expression Language
• Further enhancements to our support for working with the Oracle Autonomous Database
• Support for the Micronaut Control Panel
• Support for Config Maps for Graal Cloud Native applications deployed to Oracle Cloud Infrastructure Container Engine for Kubernetes (OKE)
• A guide for running a Graal Cloud Native application on Google Cloud Run, from within VS Code

Micronaut Framework Expression Language Support

With the addition of the Expression Language in Micronaut Framework 4.0, you can now use embedded evaluated expressions in annotations, using the #{…} syntax. These evaluated expressions enable even more flexibility when configuring your applications.

In the latest release of the Micronaut Tools for VS Code, available when you install the Graal Cloud Native Extension Pack, we have added editor support for the Micronaut Framework expression language. Code completion is now provided while using expressions in your annotations.

Enhancements for working with Oracle Autonomous Database

Our tools for Micronaut already offer great support for working with Oracle Autonomous Database. With this latest release, you can now create a Micronaut controller class directly from a Micronaut Data repository.

You can also now create data entity classes and data repository interfaces from an existing schema, in an Oracle Autonomous database, and then expose these through an HTTP controller, creating a one-stop REST API from the tables in your database.

Micronaut Control Panel

The Micronaut Control Panel is a new addition to the Micronaut Framework that provides a web-based UI for viewing and managing the state of your application. We now support adding the required dependencies and configuration to your Micronaut projects from within VS Code to automate the setup of this. You can now launch the Micronaut Control Panel and see its output directly from within VS Code. This feature is experimental and subject to change, but do try it out.

Support for Kubernetes Config Maps in GCN Apps

This release sees support for the creation of Kubernetes config maps for Graal Cloud Native and Micronaut applications that are deployed to OKE. If the application being deployed makes use of a connection to an Oracle Autonomous Database we now support uploading the database connection details directly into a vault hosted within your OCI tenancy. To find out more about vaults read this. We then create a Kubernetes config map containing the database configuration and, behind the scenes, mount this onto the application containers when they are deployed to OKE. In short, this means you can push your database connection details securely to the cloud and we handle the rest.

There is a blog post describing this functionality coming soon, so keep an eye out for it.

Guides on working with Google Cloud Platform for Graal Cloud Native and VS Code

Last, but by no means least, we are also releasing a guide to walk you through deploying Graal Cloud Native applications to Google Cloud Platform (GCP) Cloud Run, from within VS Code. 

Graal Cloud Native Release 4.2.1

To find out what is being released in the 4.2.1 release of Graal Cloud Native, please check out the Announcing Graal Cloud Native Release 4.2.1 post.

Join us on Slack

We would love to hear any feedback you have on any of the features in this release and we now have a Slack channel in the Oracle Developers Slack workspace. Join the workspace and then join the #graal-cloud-native channel to get in touch.

Source: oracle.com

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Java Management Service: A Comprehensive Guide to Effective Management

In the dynamic world of software development, managing Java applications efficiently is crucial for achieving optimal performance, scalability, and security. Java Management Service (JMS) plays a pivotal role in ensuring that Java-based applications are well-maintained, monitored, and updated. This article delves into the intricacies of JMS, offering a detailed overview of its features, benefits, and best practices for implementation.

What is Java Management Service?

Java Management Service is an advanced framework designed to streamline the management of Java applications across various environments. It provides tools and features that help developers and administrators monitor application performance, manage configurations, and ensure that applications are running smoothly. JMS is particularly valuable in enterprise environments where large-scale Java applications require continuous oversight and optimization.

Key Features of Java Management Service

1. Comprehensive Monitoring and Reporting

One of the primary features of JMS is its ability to provide real-time monitoring of Java applications. This includes tracking application performance, resource utilization, and identifying potential bottlenecks. With detailed reporting capabilities, administrators can gain insights into application behavior, which helps in proactive problem-solving and performance tuning.

2. Automated Configuration Management

Configuration management is a critical aspect of application maintenance. JMS offers automated tools that simplify the process of managing configurations across different environments. This ensures consistency and reduces the likelihood of configuration errors that could lead to application downtime or performance degradation.

3. Security and Compliance

Maintaining the security and compliance of Java applications is paramount. JMS includes robust security features such as vulnerability scanning, patch management, and compliance checks. These features help in identifying and mitigating security risks, ensuring that applications adhere to industry standards and regulations.

4. Scalability and Load Balancing

As applications grow, the need for scalability becomes more pronounced. JMS supports dynamic scaling and load balancing, enabling applications to handle increased loads without compromising performance. This is particularly important for applications experiencing variable traffic patterns.

5. Centralized Management Console

JMS provides a centralized management console that offers a unified view of all Java applications within an organization. This console facilitates easy access to monitoring data, configuration settings, and management tools, enhancing the efficiency of application administration.

Benefits of Using Java Management Service

1. Improved Application Performance

By leveraging the monitoring and optimization tools provided by JMS, organizations can significantly improve the performance of their Java applications. Continuous monitoring allows for the early detection of performance issues, which can be addressed before they impact end-users.

2. Enhanced Security Posture

With built-in security features, JMS helps organizations protect their Java applications from potential threats. Regular vulnerability assessments and patch management ensure that applications are always up-to-date and secure.

3. Reduced Operational Costs

Automating routine management tasks such as configuration management and performance monitoring can lead to reduced operational costs. This allows IT teams to focus on more strategic initiatives rather than spending time on manual, repetitive tasks.

4. Increased Developer Productivity

JMS tools and features are designed to simplify the management of Java applications, freeing developers from administrative burdens. This leads to increased productivity as developers can focus on writing code and developing new features rather than managing application infrastructure.

5. Scalability and Flexibility

The ability to scale applications dynamically ensures that organizations can meet growing demand without significant infrastructure changes. JMS's flexible architecture supports various deployment models, including on-premises, cloud, and hybrid environments.

Best Practices for Implementing Java Management Service

1. Establish Clear Objectives

Before implementing JMS, it is essential to define clear objectives and goals. Understand what you aim to achieve with JMS, whether it's improved performance, better security, or more efficient management.

2. Conduct a Thorough Assessment

Evaluate your current Java application landscape to identify areas that would benefit the most from JMS. Conducting a thorough assessment helps in prioritizing implementation efforts and ensures that critical applications are addressed first.

3. Plan for Integration

Integrating JMS with existing tools and systems is crucial for a seamless management experience. Plan for how JMS will interact with your current infrastructure, including monitoring tools, configuration management systems, and security frameworks.

4. Train Your Team

Ensure that your development and IT teams are well-trained on JMS features and best practices. Providing adequate training helps in maximizing the benefits of JMS and ensures that your team can effectively manage Java applications.

5. Monitor and Optimize Continuously

Implementing JMS is not a one-time effort. Continuous monitoring and optimization are key to maintaining the performance and security of your Java applications. Regularly review monitoring data and make necessary adjustments to configurations and management practices.

Conclusion

Java Management Service is an indispensable tool for organizations looking to optimize the management of their Java applications. With its comprehensive monitoring capabilities, automated configuration management, robust security features, and support for scalability, JMS provides a holistic solution for maintaining high-performing and secure Java applications. By following best practices for implementation, organizations can reap the full benefits of JMS, leading to improved application performance, enhanced security, and reduced operational costs.

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Java Virtual Machine Improvements in Java SE 8

Java SE 8 brought substantial improvements to the Java Virtual Machine (JVM), enhancing performance, security, and overall efficiency. These enhancements mark a significant milestone in the evolution of Java, ensuring that it remains a robust and versatile platform for modern application development. In this comprehensive article, we will delve into the key improvements introduced in Java SE 8, providing an in-depth analysis of how these changes benefit developers and the applications they create.

Enhanced Performance with the New Optimizations

One of the standout improvements in Java SE 8 is the series of optimizations that significantly enhance the performance of the JVM. These optimizations include:

Just-In-Time Compilation Enhancements

The JVM's Just-In-Time (JIT) compiler has undergone substantial refinements in Java SE 8. These enhancements focus on optimizing the bytecode execution by compiling it into native machine code at runtime. The key improvements in JIT compilation include:

◉ Tiered Compilation: This feature introduces multiple levels of compilation, allowing the JVM to balance the trade-off between startup time and peak performance. By using both the client and server compilers, tiered compilation helps achieve faster startup times while still benefiting from aggressive optimizations for long-running applications.

◉ Optimized Loop Unrolling and Inlining: The JIT compiler now performs more sophisticated loop unrolling and method inlining. This reduces the overhead associated with method calls and loop control, resulting in faster execution of frequently executed code paths.

Garbage Collection Enhancements

Java SE 8 introduces several enhancements to the garbage collection (GC) mechanisms, aiming to reduce pause times and improve throughput. The key GC improvements include:

◉ G1 Garbage Collector: The G1 (Garbage-First) garbage collector is designed to provide low pause times and high throughput. It divides the heap into regions and prioritizes the collection of regions with the most garbage, minimizing the impact on application performance. G1 also supports concurrent marking and compacting, further reducing pause times.

◉ Improved Heap Sizing: Automatic heap sizing adjustments have been enhanced to better adapt to application workloads. This results in more efficient memory usage and improved overall performance.

Enhanced Security Features

Security has always been a critical concern for the JVM, and Java SE 8 introduces several enhancements to bolster the platform's security:

Enhanced Cryptography

Java SE 8 includes an improved cryptographic framework, providing stronger algorithms and more robust implementations. This ensures that applications built on Java can leverage the latest security standards and protocols, safeguarding sensitive data against emerging threats.

◉ Stronger Encryption Algorithms: Support for advanced encryption standards such as AES-256 has been added, providing stronger protection for sensitive information.

◉ Improved Key Management: The Java Cryptography Architecture (JCA) has been enhanced to offer better key management capabilities, including support for hardware-based key storage and retrieval.

Advanced Security Policies

Java SE 8 introduces more granular security policies, allowing developers to specify fine-grained access controls for their applications. These policies enable more precise permission settings, reducing the risk of unauthorized access to sensitive resources.

◉ Policy Tool Enhancements: The policy tool now supports more detailed configuration options, making it easier for administrators to define and enforce security policies.

Improved Concurrency and Parallelism

Java SE 8 brings significant advancements in concurrency and parallelism, making it easier for developers to write efficient multi-threaded applications:

Fork/Join Framework Enhancements

The Fork/Join framework, introduced in Java SE 7, has been further refined in Java SE 8. These enhancements make it easier to leverage multi-core processors for parallel task execution:

◉ Work Stealing Algorithm Improvements: The work-stealing algorithm has been optimized to reduce contention and improve scalability, ensuring that tasks are distributed more efficiently across available threads.

◉ Enhanced Task Scheduling: The framework now includes better task scheduling mechanisms, reducing the overhead associated with task management and improving overall throughput.

Parallel Streams API

One of the most significant additions in Java SE 8 is the Parallel Streams API, which allows developers to process collections of data in parallel with minimal effort. This API simplifies the development of parallel applications by providing a high-level abstraction for parallel processing:

◉ Stream Pipelines: Developers can create stream pipelines that automatically parallelize the processing of data, leveraging multiple cores to achieve significant performance gains.

◉ Built-in Parallel Operations: Common operations such as filtering, mapping, and reducing can be performed in parallel, making it easy to take advantage of modern multi-core architectures.

Improved Resource Management

Java SE 8 introduces several enhancements to resource management, ensuring that applications run more efficiently and with fewer resource leaks:

Try-With-Resources Enhancements

The try-with-resources statement, introduced in Java SE 7, has been improved in Java SE 8 to support more resource types and provide better resource management:

◉ Automatic Resource Management: Developers can now use try-with-resources with any class that implements the AutoCloseable interface, simplifying the management of resources such as files, sockets, and database connections.

◉ Enhanced Exception Handling: The handling of exceptions within try-with-resources blocks has been refined, making it easier to diagnose and debug resource-related issues.

Optimized Memory Management

Java SE 8 includes several improvements to memory management, reducing the likelihood of memory leaks and enhancing application stability:

◉ Improved Finalization: The finalization process has been optimized to reduce its impact on application performance, ensuring that objects are finalized and garbage collected more efficiently.

◉ Enhanced Memory Monitoring: New tools and APIs have been introduced to help developers monitor and manage memory usage, making it easier to identify and address memory-related issues.

Enhanced Tooling and Diagnostics

Java SE 8 introduces a range of new tools and diagnostic capabilities, helping developers to build more robust and efficient applications:

Java Mission Control and Flight Recorder

Java Mission Control (JMC) and Java Flight Recorder (JFR) are powerful tools that provide detailed insights into the behavior and performance of Java applications:

◉ In-Depth Monitoring: JFR captures detailed runtime information, including CPU usage, memory allocation, and thread activity, allowing developers to diagnose performance issues and optimize their applications.

◉ Advanced Profiling: JMC offers advanced profiling capabilities, enabling developers to identify hotspots and performance bottlenecks with minimal overhead.

Enhanced JVM Logging

Java SE 8 includes improved logging capabilities, making it easier to monitor and troubleshoot JVM behavior:

◉ Unified Logging Framework: A new unified logging framework provides a consistent and flexible approach to logging, allowing developers to configure and manage log output more effectively.

◉ Enhanced Diagnostic Commands: New diagnostic commands have been introduced, providing more detailed information about the JVM's state and behavior, helping to identify and resolve issues more quickly.

Conclusion

Java SE 8 represents a major step forward for the Java platform, introducing a wealth of improvements that enhance the performance, security, and efficiency of the JVM. These enhancements make Java SE 8 a compelling choice for modern application development, ensuring that developers can build robust, high-performance applications with ease.

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Java SE Spring 2024 Roadmap

As we navigate through the rapidly evolving landscape of software development, Java SE (Standard Edition) remains a cornerstone for developers worldwide. With the arrival of Spring 2024, it's crucial to stay updated on the latest trends, tools, and best practices. This comprehensive roadmap will guide you through the essential elements you need to focus on to stay ahead in the Java development arena.

Introduction to Java SE Spring 2024

Java SE is a platform-independent environment that allows developers to create robust, secure, and high-performance applications. As we approach Spring 2024, several updates and advancements are set to redefine how we utilize Java SE. This roadmap will cover the following key areas:

Core Language Enhancements

Enhanced Pattern Matching

One of the significant updates in Java SE for Spring 2024 is the enhanced pattern matching capabilities. This feature simplifies data retrieval and manipulation, making code more readable and maintainable. Pattern matching extends to switch expressions and introduces new patterns, reducing the boilerplate code and enhancing productivity.

Records and Sealed Classes

Records and sealed classes continue to gain traction. Records provide a compact syntax for declaring classes intended to be simple data carriers, while sealed classes restrict which classes can extend or implement them. This combination enhances the ability to model data and behaviors precisely.

Improved Null Handling with Optional

Optional is being improved to handle nullability more efficiently. New methods and best practices are being introduced to reduce the frequent pitfalls of null pointer exceptions. Learning these updates is crucial for writing robust Java applications.

Tooling and Development Environment

Integrated Development Environments (IDEs)

Leading IDEs such as IntelliJ IDEA, Eclipse, and NetBeans are introducing new plugins and integrations to support the latest Java SE features. Keeping your development environment updated with these tools is vital for leveraging the full potential of Java SE.

Build Tools

Maven and Gradle remain the go-to build tools for Java projects. With Spring 2024, expect updates that improve build times, dependency management, and multi-project builds. Familiarizing yourself with these enhancements will streamline your development workflow.

Continuous Integration/Continuous Deployment (CI/CD)

CI/CD pipelines are integral to modern software development. Tools like Jenkins, GitLab CI, and GitHub Actions are evolving to better support Java projects. Incorporating these tools into your workflow will enhance code quality and accelerate delivery cycles.

Performance Improvements

JVM Enhancements

The Java Virtual Machine (JVM) sees continuous improvements. For Spring 2024, focus on the new garbage collection algorithms, JIT (Just-In-Time) compiler enhancements, and other performance tuning options. These updates are designed to boost application performance and reduce latency.

Profiling and Monitoring Tools

Effective performance monitoring is crucial. Tools like JVisualVM, YourKit, and JProfiler offer deep insights into JVM performance. Understanding how to utilize these tools to diagnose and optimize performance issues is essential for maintaining high-performing applications.

Security Updates

Enhanced Security APIs

Security remains a top priority. Java SE's security APIs are continuously updated to address new vulnerabilities and threats. For Spring 2024, pay attention to improvements in cryptographic libraries, secure communication protocols, and authentication mechanisms.

Best Practices for Secure Coding

Adopting secure coding practices is essential. This includes input validation, proper error handling, and avoiding common vulnerabilities such as SQL injection and cross-site scripting (XSS). Familiarize yourself with the latest guidelines and tools to ensure your code remains secure.

Best Practices and Patterns

Microservices Architecture

Microservices continue to dominate the architectural landscape. Understanding how to effectively design, deploy, and manage microservices using Java is crucial. Spring Boot and Spring Cloud offer robust frameworks for building scalable microservices.

Reactive Programming

Reactive programming is becoming increasingly popular for building responsive and resilient applications. The Spring Framework's reactive stack, including Project Reactor, provides the tools needed to implement reactive systems efficiently.

Testing and Quality Assurance

Automated testing is a cornerstone of modern software development. Tools like JUnit 5, Mockito, and TestContainers are essential for writing comprehensive test suites. Emphasize unit testing, integration testing, and continuous testing practices to maintain high code quality.

Community and Ecosystem

Active Participation in the Java Community

Staying engaged with the Java community is beneficial. Participating in forums, attending conferences like JavaOne, and contributing to open-source projects can provide valuable insights and networking opportunities.

Learning Resources

Continuous learning is vital in the ever-evolving tech landscape. Utilize resources like official documentation, online courses, and technical blogs to stay updated. Platforms such as Coursera, Udemy, and Pluralsight offer courses tailored to the latest Java SE advancements.

Open Source Contributions

Contributing to open-source projects not only helps the community but also enhances your skills and visibility in the industry. Platforms like GitHub provide opportunities to collaborate on Java projects and learn from experienced developers.

Conclusion

The Spring 2024 roadmap for Java SE highlights the importance of staying current with the latest advancements in the language, tools, and best practices. By focusing on core language enhancements, optimizing your development environment, prioritizing performance and security, and engaging with the community, you can ensure that your Java applications remain robust, secure, and performant.

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Oracle Java Time Range Check: Comprehensive Guide

Oracle Java offers a multitude of functionalities for time and date manipulation, essential for developing robust and reliable applications. Among these functionalities, time range checks are pivotal for ensuring that events occur within specified boundaries. This comprehensive guide delves into the intricacies of implementing time range checks in Oracle Java, providing detailed insights and practical examples to help developers master this essential task.

Understanding Time in Oracle Java

Java's time and date API has evolved significantly, especially with the introduction of the java.time package in Java 8, also known as the new Date-Time API. This package addresses many of the issues present in the previous versions and provides a more comprehensive and flexible framework for handling time.

The Importance of the java.time Package

The java.time package simplifies time operations by offering clear and intuitive classes like LocalTime, LocalDate, LocalDateTime, and ZonedDateTime. These classes provide methods to easily manipulate and compare time values.

Key Classes for Time Range Checks:

• LocalTime: Represents a time without a date, such as 10:15:30.
• LocalDate: Represents a date without a time, such as 2024-05-17.
• LocalDateTime: Combines date and time, such as 2024-05-17T10:15:30.
• ZonedDateTime: A date-time with a time-zone in the ISO-8601 calendar system, such as 2024-05-17T10:15:30+01:00[Europe/Paris].

Implementing Time Range Checks

Basic Time Range Check with LocalTime

To check if a given time falls within a specific range, LocalTime is typically used. Here’s an example demonstrating a basic time range check:

import java.time.LocalTime;

public class TimeRangeCheck {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        LocalTime startTime = LocalTime.of(9, 0);

        LocalTime endTime = LocalTime.of(17, 0);

        LocalTime currentTime = LocalTime.now();

        if (currentTime.isAfter(startTime) && currentTime.isBefore(endTime)) {

            System.out.println("Current time is within the range.");

        } else {

            System.out.println("Current time is outside the range.");

        }

    }

}

Time Range Check with LocalDateTime

For scenarios requiring date and time, LocalDateTime is more appropriate. Here’s an example:

import java.time.LocalDateTime;

public class DateTimeRangeCheck {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        LocalDateTime startDateTime = LocalDateTime.of(2024, 5, 17, 9, 0);

        LocalDateTime endDateTime = LocalDateTime.of(2024, 5, 17, 17, 0);

        LocalDateTime currentDateTime = LocalDateTime.now();

        if (currentDateTime.isAfter(startDateTime) && currentDateTime.isBefore(endDateTime)) {

            System.out.println("Current date and time are within the range.");

        } else {

            System.out.println("Current date and time are outside the range.");

        }

    }

}

Advanced Time Range Check with ZonedDateTime

When dealing with multiple time zones, ZonedDateTime ensures that the checks consider the time zone differences. Below is an example of how to perform a time range check with ZonedDateTime:

import java.time.ZonedDateTime;

import java.time.ZoneId;

public class ZonedDateTimeRangeCheck {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        ZonedDateTime startZonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.of(2024, 5, 17, 9, 0, 0, 0, ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));

        ZonedDateTime endZonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.of(2024, 5, 17, 17, 0, 0, 0, ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));

        ZonedDateTime currentZonedDateTime = ZonedDateTime.now(ZoneId.of("Europe/Paris"));

        if (currentZonedDateTime.isAfter(startZonedDateTime) && currentZonedDateTime.isBefore(endZonedDateTime)) {

            System.out.println("Current zoned date and time are within the range.");

        } else {

            System.out.println("Current zoned date and time are outside the range.");

        }

    }

}

Handling Edge Cases in Time Range Checks

Midnight Crossings

One common edge case is when the time range crosses midnight, such as from 10 PM to 2 AM. This scenario requires special handling to avoid incorrect range checks:

import java.time.LocalTime;

public class MidnightCrossingCheck {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        LocalTime startTime = LocalTime.of(22, 0); // 10 PM

        LocalTime endTime = LocalTime.of(2, 0); // 2 AM

        LocalTime currentTime = LocalTime.now();

        boolean isInRange;

        if (startTime.isAfter(endTime)) {

            isInRange = !currentTime.isBefore(startTime) || !currentTime.isAfter(endTime);

        } else {

            isInRange = !currentTime.isBefore(startTime) && !currentTime.isAfter(endTime);

        }

        if (isInRange) {

            System.out.println("Current time is within the midnight-crossing range.");

        } else {

            System.out.println("Current time is outside the midnight-crossing range.");

        }

    }

}

Inclusive vs. Exclusive Range Boundaries

In some applications, the range boundaries might be inclusive or exclusive. Adjusting the check to include or exclude the boundary times ensures the correct behavior:

import java.time.LocalTime;

public class InclusiveExclusiveRangeCheck {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        LocalTime startTime = LocalTime.of(9, 0);

        LocalTime endTime = LocalTime.of(17, 0);

        LocalTime currentTime = LocalTime.now();

        boolean isInclusive = true;

        boolean isInRange;

        if (isInclusive) {

            isInRange = !currentTime.isBefore(startTime) && !currentTime.isAfter(endTime);

        } else {

            isInRange = currentTime.isAfter(startTime) && currentTime.isBefore(endTime);

        }

        if (isInRange) {

            System.out.println("Current time is within the range.");

        } else {

            System.out.println("Current time is outside the range.");

        }

    }

}

Practical Applications of Time Range Checks

Scheduling Systems

Time range checks are fundamental in scheduling systems to ensure that appointments or tasks are set within acceptable hours. For instance, booking systems often restrict the booking times to business hours:

import java.time.LocalTime;

public class BookingSystem {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        LocalTime businessStartTime = LocalTime.of(9, 0);

        LocalTime businessEndTime = LocalTime.of(17, 0);

        LocalTime requestedTime = LocalTime.of(15, 0); // Example booking time

        if (requestedTime.isAfter(businessStartTime) && requestedTime.isBefore(businessEndTime)) {

            System.out.println("Booking time is within business hours.");

        } else {

            System.out.println("Booking time is outside business hours.");

        }

    }

}

Access Control

Time-based access control systems use time range checks to grant or deny access based on the current time. For example, employees might have access to a building only during their shift hours:

import java.time.LocalTime;

public class AccessControl {

    public static void main(String[] args) {

        LocalTime shiftStartTime = LocalTime.of(8, 0);

        LocalTime shiftEndTime = LocalTime.of(18, 0);

        LocalTime accessTime = LocalTime.now();

        if (accessTime.isAfter(shiftStartTime) && accessTime.isBefore(shiftEndTime)) {

            System.out.println("Access granted.");

        } else {

            System.out.println("Access denied.");

        }

    }

}

Conclusion

Time range checks in Oracle Java are essential for ensuring that events and operations occur within designated time frames. Utilizing the java.time package, developers can efficiently implement time range checks for various applications, from scheduling systems to access control mechanisms. By understanding and applying the principles and techniques outlined in this guide, you can ensure accurate and reliable time-based operations in your Java applications.

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Oracle JDK 17: The Ultimate Guide for Boosting Your Java Projects

Java Development Kit (JDK) 17, released by Oracle, represents a significant milestone in the evolution of Java, offering a host of new features, improvements, and long-term support (LTS). This guide is designed to provide a comprehensive overview of Oracle JDK 17, highlighting its key benefits and how it can enhance your Java projects.

Introduction to Oracle JDK 17

Oracle JDK 17 is the latest LTS release, providing stability and support for developers who require a reliable platform for their applications. It introduces several new features, including pattern matching for switch expressions, sealed classes, and new APIs, which are designed to improve developer productivity and code quality.

Key Features of Oracle JDK 17

Pattern Matching for Switch

One of the most anticipated features in JDK 17 is pattern matching for switch expressions. This enhancement simplifies the code by allowing complex data structures to be deconstructed and matched directly within switch statements. This feature improves readability and reduces boilerplate code.

Sealed Classes

Sealed classes are a powerful addition to the Java language, allowing developers to control which classes or interfaces can extend or implement them. This provides better control over the class hierarchy and enhances the security and maintainability of the code.

Enhanced APIs

Oracle JDK 17 introduces several new and improved APIs. Notable among these are:

• Vector API: This API enables developers to write complex vector computations that are optimized for performance.
• Foreign Function & Memory API: This API facilitates interaction with native libraries and memory, providing greater flexibility and performance.
• Deprecations and Removals: Certain outdated features have been deprecated or removed to streamline the JDK and encourage the use of modern alternatives.

Performance Improvements

Performance is a critical aspect of any development platform, and Oracle JDK 17 does not disappoint. The release includes numerous enhancements aimed at optimizing the execution of Java applications, from garbage collection improvements to more efficient memory management.

Security Enhancements

Security remains a top priority in JDK 17, with several updates designed to protect applications against vulnerabilities. These include enhancements to cryptographic libraries and more stringent security policies.

Why Upgrade to Oracle JDK 17?

Long-Term Support (LTS)

As an LTS release, Oracle JDK 17 offers extended support and stability, making it an ideal choice for enterprise applications. Long-term support ensures that critical updates and security patches are available, reducing the risk of vulnerabilities.

Improved Developer Productivity

The new features in JDK 17, such as pattern matching and sealed classes, are designed to simplify the development process, allowing developers to write cleaner, more maintainable code. These enhancements can lead to significant productivity gains over time.

Enhanced Performance

With its focus on performance improvements, Oracle JDK 17 enables developers to build faster and more efficient applications. This can lead to reduced operational costs and improved user experiences.

Security and Compliance

The robust security features in JDK 17 help organizations maintain compliance with industry standards and protect sensitive data. Regular updates and patches ensure that applications remain secure against emerging threats.

How to Migrate to Oracle JDK 17

Assessing Compatibility

Before migrating to JDK 17, it is crucial to assess the compatibility of your existing codebase. This involves reviewing deprecated features, identifying potential issues, and ensuring that all dependencies are compatible with the new JDK version.

Testing and Validation

Thorough testing is essential to ensure a smooth migration. This includes running unit tests, integration tests, and performance benchmarks to validate that your application works as expected with JDK 17.

Updating Dependencies

Ensure that all libraries and frameworks used in your project are updated to versions compatible with JDK 17. This may involve upgrading third-party dependencies or applying necessary patches.

Refactoring Code

Leverage the new features of JDK 17 to refactor and optimize your code. This can involve replacing deprecated features, utilizing new APIs, and adopting best practices introduced in the latest JDK version.

Deployment and Monitoring

Once the migration is complete, deploy the updated application in a controlled environment. Monitor its performance and stability closely to identify and address any issues that arise post-migration.

Best Practices for Using Oracle JDK 17

Stay Updated with Patches and Updates

Regularly apply patches and updates provided by Oracle to ensure your JDK environment remains secure and up-to-date with the latest features and improvements.

Leverage New Features

Take full advantage of the new features and enhancements in JDK 17. This includes utilizing pattern matching, sealed classes, and the enhanced APIs to improve code quality and performance.

Optimize Performance

Regularly profile your application to identify performance bottlenecks. Use the tools and optimizations provided by JDK 17 to enhance the efficiency of your application.

Focus on Security

Implement best security practices by leveraging the enhanced security features in JDK 17. This includes using updated cryptographic libraries and adhering to recommended security policies.

Conclusion

Oracle JDK 17 represents a significant advancement in the Java ecosystem, offering a host of new features, performance improvements, and enhanced security. By upgrading to JDK 17, developers can take advantage of long-term support, improved productivity, and a more secure platform for building robust Java applications.

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Announcing Oracle GraalVM for JDK 22

Oracle is proud to announce the general availability of Oracle GraalVM for JDK 22, and getting started is easier than ever!

Along with performance, stability and feature updates, Oracle GraalVM for JDK 22 includes support for many JDK Enhancement Proposals (JEP), including preview enhancements. The table below summarizes JDK 22 JEP support when using the Graal JIT on the JVM and when using GraalVM Native Image ahead-of-time compilation.

Oracle GraalVM for JDK 22 is not a long-term support (LTS) release, therefore it will receive updates only until it is superseded in six months by Oracle GraalVM for JDK 23. Oracle GraalVM for JDK 21 (released on September 19, 2023) is the most recent LTS release.

Source: oracle.com

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Unleashing the Power of Graal Cloud Native Tools for Seamless Development

In the ever-evolving landscape of software development, staying ahead demands a strategic approach and the adoption of cutting-edge technologies. Enter Graal Cloud Native Tools – a game-changer in the realm of cloud-native development. In this comprehensive guide, we delve deep into the intricacies of Graal Cloud Native Tools, unveiling its unparalleled capabilities and how it revolutionizes the development process.

Understanding Graal Cloud Native Tools

Graal Cloud Native Tools is a suite of tools engineered to facilitate the creation and deployment of cloud-native applications with unmatched efficiency and agility. At its core lies GraalVM, a high-performance runtime that supports multiple programming languages, including Java, JavaScript, Python, and Ruby, among others. This polyglot nature empowers developers to leverage their language of choice without sacrificing performance or interoperability.

The Versatility of GraalVM

GraalVM's versatility extends beyond its support for multiple languages. It boasts ahead-of-time compilation capabilities, enabling faster startup times and reduced memory overhead. Additionally, GraalVM's native image feature allows developers to compile Java applications into standalone executables, eliminating the need for a JVM during deployment. This streamlined approach enhances resource efficiency and simplifies containerization, making it ideal for cloud-native environments.

Key Features and Benefits

Seamless Integration

One of the standout features of Graal Cloud Native Tools is its seamless integration with popular frameworks and platforms. Whether you're building microservices with Spring Boot, developing serverless functions with Micronaut, or deploying applications on Kubernetes, GraalVM provides native support and optimizations tailored to each ecosystem. This ensures compatibility and optimal performance across diverse development stacks, empowering teams to focus on innovation rather than integration hurdles.

Enhanced Performance

Performance is paramount in cloud-native environments where scalability and responsiveness are non-negotiable. GraalVM's advanced optimizations, including Just-In-Time (JIT) compilation and aggressive dead code elimination, deliver significant performance gains compared to traditional runtimes. By harnessing the full potential of modern hardware and optimizing resource utilization, Graal Cloud Native Tools enable applications to scale effortlessly while maintaining low latency and high throughput.

Reduced Footprint

In the era of microservices and serverless architectures, minimizing resource consumption is imperative for cost efficiency and scalability. GraalVM's lightweight footprint and minimal runtime dependencies make it an ideal choice for resource-constrained environments. Whether deployed in a Docker container or serverless environment, Graal Cloud Native Tools ensure minimal overhead, enabling efficient resource utilization and maximizing deployment flexibility.

Real-world Applications

Accelerated Development Lifecycle

The adoption of Graal Cloud Native Tools accelerates the development lifecycle by streamlining build and deployment processes. With faster startup times and reduced memory overhead, developers can iterate rapidly, experiment with new features, and deliver value to end-users at unprecedented speed. This agility not only enhances time-to-market but also fosters a culture of innovation and continuous improvement within development teams.

Improved Scalability and Reliability

Scalability and reliability are cornerstones of cloud-native architectures, and GraalVM excels in both aspects. By optimizing resource utilization and minimizing runtime overhead, Graal Cloud Native Tools enable applications to scale seamlessly in response to fluctuating demand. Additionally, GraalVM's native image feature enhances reliability by reducing the attack surface and eliminating common vulnerabilities associated with traditional runtimes, thereby fortifying the security posture of cloud-native applications.

Conclusion

In conclusion, Graal Cloud Native Tools represent a paradigm shift in cloud-native development, offering unparalleled performance, scalability, and agility. By leveraging GraalVM's polyglot capabilities and advanced optimizations, developers can unlock new possibilities and propel their organizations towards digital transformation. Whether you're building microservices, serverless functions, or containerized applications, Graal Cloud Native Tools empower you to innovate with confidence and embrace the future of cloud-native computing.

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Announcing Graal Development Kit for Micronaut 4.3.7

Today, we are announcing Graal Cloud Native is now Graal Development Kit for Micronaut, and the general availability of Graal Development Kit for Micronaut 4.3.7 based on Micronaut framework 4.3.7. Let us look at some of the notable changes in this release.

A New Name

Thanks to feedback from our users, and to better align with the Micronaut framework, we are renaming Graal Cloud Native to Graal Development Kit for Micronaut. We believe the new name clearly articulates the project's vision and purpose. We expect to complete the renaming process soon.

Graal Development Kit for Micronaut (GDK), previously Graal Cloud Native (GCN), is an Oracle build of the open source Micronaut® framework. GDK provides a curated set of Micronaut framework modules that simplify cloud application development, are designed to be compiled ahead-of-time with GraalVM Native Image, and are fully supported by Oracle. GDK modules provide platform-independent APIs and libraries for a set of core public cloud services across Oracle Cloud Infrastructure (OCI), Amazon Web Services (AWS), and Google Cloud Platform (GCP), with Microsoft Azure coming soon.

GDK enables you to easily build portable cloud native Java microservices that start instantly and use fewer resources to reduce compute costs. You can write Java applications once and run them on any supported public cloud—OCI, AWS, and GCP—and avoid cloud vendor lock-in.

Bill of Materials with Micronaut Framework 4.3.7

In this release, we have updated the Micronaut framework version from 4.2.1 to 4.3.7 applying patches to several Micronaut modules. See Micronaut Framework Releases for more information. The GDK 4.3.7 bill of materials contains specific versions of Micronaut framework 4.3.7 modules and their dependencies that are compatible and tested together. This reduces the risk of library incompatibility and version mismatches, and saves you from having to test and figure this out for yourself.

Gradle:

dependencies {

    micronautBoms(platform("cloud.graal.gcn:gcn-bom:4.3.7.2"))

    ...

}

Maven:

<dependency>

  <groupId>cloud.graal.gcn</groupId>

  <artifactId>gcn-bom</artifactId>

  <version>4.3.7.2</version>

  <type>pom</type>

  <scope>import</scope>

</dependency>

GDK 4.3.7 works with both Java 21 and Java 17. GDK modules offer out-of-the-box support for native compilation with Oracle GraalVM for JDK 21 and JDK 17 Native Image. GDK applications compiled ahead-of-time with GraalVM Native Image require far less memory and CPU to run at scale, start up to 100x faster, operate at peak performance immediately, and have a much smaller attack surface compared to their traditional JVM-based counterparts.

Guides for Serverless Functions

This release contains new guides to help you create, deploy and run Serverless Functions on OCI, AWS, and GCP. See guides for more information.

Tools for GDK

The latest release of the tools for GDK brings with it some great updates. Most notably a rename of the extensions that provide support for the Micronaut® framework, the release of the GDK Launcher for IntelliJ Idea, and VisualVM support for VS Code.

Source: oracle.com

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